What is depression?

Depression is a low mood that lasts for a long time, and affects your everyday life.

In its mildest form, depression can mean just being in low spirits. It doesn't stop you leading your normal life but makes everything harder to do and seem less worthwhile. At its most severe, depression can be life-threatening because it can make you feel suicidal.

When does low mood become depression?

We all have times when our mood is low, and we're feeling sad or miserable about life. Usually these feelings pass in due course.

But if the feelings are interfering with your life and don't go away after a couple of weeks, or if they come back over and over again for a few days at a time, it could be a sign that you're experiencing depression.

Are there different types of depression?

If you are given a diagnosis of depression, you might be told that you have mild, moderate or severe depression. This describes what sort of impact your symptoms are having on you currently, and what sort of treatment you're likely to be offered. You might move between mild, moderate and severe depression during one episode of depression or across different episodes.

There are also some specific types of depression:

  • Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) – depression that occurs at a particular time of year, or during a particular season. Click here for more information.
  • Dysthymia – continuous mild depression that lasts for two years or more. Also called persistent depressive disorder or chronic depression.
  • Prenatal depression – depression that occurs during pregnancy. This is sometimes also called antenatal depression.
  • Postnatal depression (PND) – depression that occurs in the first year after giving birth.


Is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) a type of depression?

PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Many women experience PMS, but for some women their symptoms are severe enough to seriously impact their daily life. This is when you might receive a diagnosis of PMDD.
PMDD is not a type of depression, but most women who experience PMDD find that depression is a major symptom.

Depression self-care tips

Experiencing depression can be very difficult. But there are steps you can take to help yourself. See below for some tips, remember everyone's experiences are different and it is best to find what works for you.

Connect with Others

  • Talk to someone you trust: Sharing your experiences with a friend or family member can help you feel less alone.
  • Try peer support: Connecting with people who have had similar experiences can provide a sense of belonging and support.
  • Helplines: If you don't feel comfortable talking to someone you know, confidential helplines like Samaritans (116 123) are available 24/7.

 

Look After Your Physical Health

  • Sleep habits: Try to maintain a regular sleep routine by waking up and going to bed at the same time where possible.
  • Diet and hydration: Eat and drink regularly, as nutrition can impact your mood and energy levels.
  • Physical activity: Even gentle movement, like walking, yoga, or stretching, can help improve your mood.
  • Avoid substances: Try to avoid using alcohol or recreational drugs to cope, as they often make depression worse in the long run.
  • Be kind to yourself: If you're struggling with basic chores, imagine how you would care for a pet or a friend and try to apply that same compassion to yourself.

Engage Your Mind and Sense

  • Spend time in nature: Getting fresh air, sunlight, or even just opening a window can be beneficial.
  • Try mindfulness: Practising being present in the moment can help manage racing or negative thoughts.
  • Get creative: Activities like painting, music, cooking, or journaling can help process emotions.
  • Create a self-care box: Fill a box with comforting items like a favourite book, photos, snacks, or a soft blanket to use when you're feeling low.

 

Monitor and Track Your Feelings

  • Keep a mood diary: Tracking your mood can help you identify patterns or triggers that make you feel better or worse.
  • Use mental health apps: Certain apps are designed to help you stay calm or track your symptoms.
More tips and advice

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